Tombak

The Tombak is a chalice-shaped drum carved from solid mulberry wood. It is covered at the wide end by a membrane of lamb or goat skin. The technique of this instrument uses both hands and consists of rolling and snapping the fingers in various ways. The rich variety of tones and textures on this instrument allows the player to punctuate and ornament the melodic phrases as well as create rhythmical patterns.

Daf

The Daf is a type of frame drum that is depicted in many Persian miniatures and has reliefs from centuries ago. Although it appears at first sight to be a relatively simple instrument, the daf has the potential of producing intricate rhythmic patterns and sounds. The daf is equipped with metal rings on the inside which add a jingle effect to the sound. The frame is covered with goat-skin.

Dammam

Dammam is a large drum in one piece. The drum is covered with goatskin, which is secured by a cord, which is knotted seven times, and made from the fibers of a date palm. It is played with a wooden stick and/or with the hand. In the south of Iran it is played in religious ceremonies and kept in the Mosque.

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